Macular Degeneration

There are two primary types of age-related macular degeneration:

• Dry AMD: This is the more common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It occurs when the macula thins with age and drusen (tiny clumps of protein) form. Gradual vision loss is typical, though it can progress to more severe stages.
• Wet AMD: This less common form is more severe and leads to faster vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, which can cause scarring and damage to the macula.

The exact cause of macular degeneration is not fully understood, but several risk factors are associated with its development:

• Age: Risk increases with age, particularly over 50.
• Genetics: Family history of AMD can increase risk.
• Smoking: Significantly increases the risk of AMD.
• Obesity: Associated with the progression of early and intermediate stages of AMD.
• Diet: Poor diet low in fruits and vegetables.
• High Blood Pressure: Can increase the risk of developing AMD.

Symptoms of macular degeneration can vary and may include:

• Blurred or fuzzy vision.
• Difficulty recognizing faces.
• Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted.
• Dark or empty areas in the center of vision.
• Reduced central vision in one or both eyes.
• Decreased intensity or brightness of colors.

While there is no cure for macular degeneration, several treatments can help slow its progression and manage symptoms:

• Dry AMD Treatment: Includes nutritional supplements (AREDS formula), lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet rich in green leafy vegetables and fish, and avoiding smoking.
• Wet AMD Treatment: Involves anti-VEGF injections to stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels, laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels, and photodynamic therapy to destroy abnormal blood vessels.